Co-author is an Associate Professor of International Development Studies at 麻豆传媒. Co-author Sharon McLennan is a Lecturer in International Development at Massey University.
Kiribati.
You may not know where it is.
Pronouncing it is tricky (Ker-a-bas). It鈥檚 a small republic of 114,000 people spread out over 32 atolls , near the international date line and right on the equator.
Palm trees line the white sandy shores. Turquoise water laps the sand. But is it an ideal island oasis? Hardly.
, a horrific skirmish in the Second World War, took place on Kiribati. And now a climate change battle is crashing on its shores amid a and other damnations.
Most of Kiribati sits about two metres above sea level. estimates that sea levels will rise at least two metres before the year 2100. This gives Kiribati no more than 80 years.
Anote Tong, the former president of Kiribati, has said that for 鈥溾�� and that the international community should consider how people can migrate with dignity.
In response, and offer temporary escape, while Fiji sold 5,500 acres of its land to . If all I-Kiribati, as the nation鈥檚 people are known, occupied this land the population density would be about 5,300 people per square kilometre. .
But as others work to help the I-Kiribati flee, Cuba encourages them to stay. with the condition that they will return to work in their home country. Why?
First, let鈥檚 take a look at what New Zealand and Australia are proposing for Kiribati and other Pacific island nations.
Encouraging migration
Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand鈥檚 prime minister, proposed a climate-change refugee visa program for Pacific island states, including Kiribati. But in response to concerns from Pacific island leaders about the self-determination of their peoples. New Zealand鈥檚 immigration minister, Iain Lees-Galloway, noted:
鈥淧acific peoples have expressed desire to continue to live in their own countries, and current work is primarily focused on mitigating the impacts of climate change.鈥�
What does that work look like?
New Zealand鈥檚 鈥溾�� with Kiribati includes building hospital facilities, increasing family-planning options, bolstering the fishing sector, improving doctor qualifications and facilitating labour mobility schemes to help I-Kiribati find employment offshore.
Australia鈥檚 development assistance initiatives for Kiribati involves moving low- or semi-skilled workers to Australian communities on temporary work visas to help with 鈥渟easonal labour shortages.鈥�
If Pacific peoples want to stay on their islands, why do Australian and New Zealand aid programs have not-so-hidden agendas of moving people off of the atolls?
Certainly it鈥檚 more than Washington鈥檚 USAID, and Ottawa鈥檚 Global Affairs Canada 鈥� the foreign development branches of two countries with enormous carbon footprints 鈥� are doing for Kiribati. Neither country is offering any assistance to Kiribati.
Cuba training doctors
Enter Cuba. The country is offering close to 40 medical scholarships to Kiribati, which will nearly double the country鈥檚 physician workforce, and all under the idea that they should remain on the atolls.
Beyond the climate tragedy, Kiribati faces compounding health calamities. Almost 700 cases of active tuberculosis were recorded in 2018, along with 155 new cases of leprosy. While these conditions are often treated at the hospital in Tarawa, there is little in place to prevent these maladies from occurring.
On top of this is a . , and . Both are the result of serious nutritional deficiencies. The lack of sanitation also makes the country鈥檚 , making rainwater the only drinking water.
With only 59 physicians in the country, more are needed. Kiribati鈥檚 treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy meets basic needs, but almost nothing is in place for physicians to actively work on disease prevention.
for building community-level routines of health promotion around the world.
Aiming to improve health on Kiribati
Compare Cuba鈥檚 plan 鈥� to build better health from within Kiribati itself 鈥� to temporary work permits and a refugee settlement on an overcrowded parcel of land.
It鈥檚 a bold statement to offer a program that encourages skilled professionals to remain in the eye of the storm. And yet it reaffirms the 鈥渄esire to remain,鈥� as Lees-Galloway mentioned.
It also echoes Tong鈥檚 claim that by the time that Kiribati disappears, 鈥渘o one will be immune from the catastrophic consequences of climate change.鈥�
Extreme climatic events will alter human existence. And as they do, the question remains: How well will we take care of each other?
Will donor nations engage in development co-operation to foster health and livelihoods for a nation of future climate change migrants? Or will it come down to a few temporary visas for low-skilled workers who would otherwise be pressed into a refugee camp? graduates from Cuba working in the Pacific. Such support is encouraging.
But Cuba, in particular, offers a compelling example of how we can take care of each other during the climate crisis, regardless of where we are on the planet.
Kiribati is the first land to run out of time. Where will be next? And how will we take care of each other?
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